Poster T12 - Non-Enzymatic, Non-Invasive Glucose Sensor and Cholesterol Sensor for Diabetes Monitoring and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease, a major complication of diabetes, has significantly reduced life expectancy, with global deaths increasing by approximately 6 million from 1990 to 2023. Effective treatment of cardiovascular disease is hindered by late diagnosis, which often requires specialized facilities and invasive procedures like blood sampling. Traditional glucose monitoring, for example, involves complex fabrication and handling of glucose-responsive, enzymatic materials. Moreover, managing cardiovascular disease necessitates detecting multiple chemicals, including glucose, electrolytes, and cholesterol. This complexity highlights the need for non-invasive, early detection methods that can monitor a range of cardiovascular risk factors. To overcome these challenges, we developed a sensitive, non-enzymatic metabolite sensor. By utilizing a simple, inexpensive, one-step electrochemical deposition, we fabricate micro-nano hierarchical structured transition metals. This innovation enables effective detection of glucose and other cardiovascular risk factors, facilitating earlier and less invasive diagnosis.

Materials and

Methods: This study employs specific chemicals and innovative techniques to develop sensors for point-of-care testing. For the glucose sensor, we used 0.02 M Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, 0.3 M Nickel(II) sulfate hexahydrate, 1 M sulfuric acid, 0.1 M acetic acid, 0.05 M hydrochloric acid, and 0.2 M sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate. Additionally, For the cholesterol sensor, we synthesized digitonin nanoparticles with tetrachloroauric acid (III) trihydrate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid, and sodium citrate were utilized. All buffer solutions were prepared at 10 mM concentrations. Porous composites were formed using a dynamic hydrogen bubble template electrodeposition process. This method effectively generates micro-nano hierarchical structures and high-surface-area configurations on various electrode types, making it suitable for compact wearable devices. The surface area of the electrodes was characterized using electrochemical analytical techniques, with additional morphological and structural analyses performed to ensure accuracy.

Results, Conclusions, and Discussions: The optimized sensor materials demonstrate excellent sensitivity and selectivity in detecting inhibitory substances in human serum, such as uric acid and dopamine. Our proposed approach directly addresses the current challenges in cardiovascular disease management and diabetes monitoring. By providing cost-effective solutions with broad accessibility, our methodology has the potential to revolutionize healthcare technology across various domains. The development of an electrochemical tool for measuring glucose, and cholesterol concentrations in saliva aims to enable accurate and rapid diagnosis through non-invasive, point-of-care testing. This innovation seeks to replace traditional invasive serum tests, offering a less invasive and more convenient alternative for patients. By creating a saliva-based biosensor for point-of-care diagnostics, we intend to validate its accuracy and utility, ultimately enhancing healthcare service provision and accessibility.

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